Xiong weiping biography definition

State-owned aluminium company headquartered in Beijing, China

Aluminum Corporation of China Limited (Chinese: 中国铝业股份有限公司, also known as Chalco or Chinalco), is a state-owned multinationalaluminium company headquartered in Beijing, People's Republic of China. It is a publicly-traded company, listed in Hong Kong and in Shanghai. In , it was the world's largest aluminum producer, ahead of China Hongqiao Group, Rusal and Shandong Xinfa.

Chinalco is principally engaged in the extraction of aluminium oxide, electrolysis of virgin aluminium and the processing and production of aluminium as well as traded trading and engineering and technical services.

Its primary listing is on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the SSE index. It has a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The major shareholder of the company was Aluminum Corporation of China known as Chinalco (Chinese: 中国铝业公司), a state owned enterprise.

Organization

The company has a number of distinct business segments including (1) alumina refining, (2) primary aluminum smelting, and (3) energy. The alumina refining segment consists of mining and purchasing bauxite, refining bauxite into alumina, and production and sales of alumina chemicals and metal gallium. The aluminum smelting segment smelts alumina to produce primary aluminum and also produces carbon products, aluminum alloy products, and other aluminum products. Finally the energy segment produces coal, generates electricity from coal, develops wind and solar power, manufactures new energy equipment, and integrates coal electricity generation with aluminum operations.

Until , it was also engaged in aluminum fabrication but has since sold this business line.

History

Aluminum Corporation of China (Chinalco) is a state-backed holding company established

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) affect cancer progression and therapy. Ovarian carcinoma often metastasizes to the peritoneal cavity. Here, we found 2 peritoneal macrophage subsets in mice bearing ID8 ovarian cancer based on T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (Tim-4) expression. Tim-4 TAMs were embryonically originated and locally sustained while Tim-4 TAMs were replenished from circulating monocytes. Tim-4 TAMs, but not Tim-4 TAMs, promoted tumor growth in vivo. Relative to Tim-4 TAMs, Tim-4 TAMs manifested high oxidative phosphorylation and adapted mitophagy to alleviate oxidative stress. High levels of arginase-1 in Tim-4 TAMs contributed to potent mitophagy activities via weakened mTORC1 activation due to low arginine resultant from arginase-1–mediated metabolism. Furthermore, genetic deficiency of autophagy element FAK family-interacting protein of kDa resulted in Tim-4 TAM loss via ROS-mediated apoptosis and elevated T cell immunity and ID8 tumor inhibition in vivo. Moreover, human ovarian cancer–associated macrophages positive for complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) were transcriptionally, metabolically, and functionally similar to murine Tim-4 TAMs. Thus, targeting CRIg (Tim-4) TAMs may potentially treat patients with ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastasis.

Keywords: Immunology

Keywords: Cancer

Ovarian tumor-associated peritoneal macrophages have potent mitochondria activity, which enables reliance on the mitophagy pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and facilitate survival in the tumor microenvironment.

Introduction

Ovarian cancer frequently metastasizes to the peritoneal cavity as manifested by ascites fluid formation and a large number of tumor islets distributing to the peritoneum, omentum, and serosal surfaces of the viscera. The entire peritoneal cavity becomes an active tumor microenvironment, supporting ovarian cancer metastasis and progressi