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• For decades, scientists have theorized that volcanic lightning on an early Earth played a crucial role in kickstarting life on the planet by breaking molecules into useful, biological components.
• A new study from Harvard University suggests that cloud-to-ground lightning—as opposed to other theories like cloud-to-cloud lightning or panspermia—likely provided the necessary material for the first organisms to form.
• This discovery could help scientists better understand the chemistry of early Earth life forms, and provide a template for how life could start on planets beyond our own.

“How did life begin?” is one of the most profound scientific questions ever pondered. And it makes sense that such a grand idea would inspire many possible theories and explanations—both data-driven and divine. Focusing on the former, one of the most popular theories is the concept of “panspermia”—that ancient asteroids colliding into early Earth brought with them the building blocks (or even the microorganisms themselves) necessary to kickstart life.

However, there’s another theory that doesn’t rely on some extraterrestrial origin: cloud-to-ground lightning strikes.

In 1953, American scientists Stanley Miller and Harold C. Urey conducted the first experiments investigating whether lightning strikes could instigate the production of amino acids by simulating the conditions of early Earth. Now, scientists from Harvard University have discovered how cloud-to-ground lightning strikes—especially volcano-produced ones—could’ve created the necessary ingredients for life more efficiently than panspermia or even cloud-to-cloud lightning strikes. The results of the study were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

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“The emergence, survival, and evolution of biology require dependable sources of nitrogen and carbon,” the paper reads. “Lightning-induced

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US7103906B1US09/676,545US67654500AUS7103906B1US 7103906 B1US7103906 B1US 7103906B1US 67654500 AUS67654500 AUS 67654500AUS 7103906 B1US7103906 B1US 7103906B1

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