Lindiwe modise biography of mahatma gandhi
Cabinet met on Wednesday, 22 August 2018 at Tuynhuys in Cape Town.
A. Issues in the environment
1. Economy
1.1. The recent economic developments in Turkey have led to a large depreciation of emerging market currencies, including the South African Rand.
1.2. Capital outflows from these markets have accelerated and bond yields have risen, slowing down economic growth and job creation. Turkey’s large foreign currency denominated liabilities and relatively low levels of foreign currency reserves predisposed the country to large and damaging capital outflows, as monetary policy started to normalise in advanced economies.
1.3. Cabinet notes that South Africa has a number of strengths, including an independent central bank, an inflation-targeting regime with inflation consistently within the target range, low levels of foreign-currency debt and a clear fiscal consolidation plan. Cabinet is committed to maintaining these strengths.
1.4. At the same time, government will continue to implement reforms to increase the growth potential of the economy and improve the credibility of our policy decisions.
1.5. Government will continue to collaborate with business, labour and civil society to restore confidence in the economy and address the structural constraints to economic growth. Working together we can translate our plans into concrete actions to move the South African economy forward.
2. Value-Added Tax (VAT)
2.1. Cabinet welcomes the report by the Ministerial Panel of Experts which reviewed the list of zero-rated VAT items and recommended the inclusion of white bread, bread flour, cake flour, sanitary products and school uniforms.
Cabinet encourages South Africans to voice their opinions on the report, which is open for public comment until 31 August 2018. The Minister of Finance, Mr Nhlanhla Nene, will then make an informed choice on which proposals to implement. Submissions can be made in writing to vatsubmissions@treasury.gov.za
3. Women’s Mont Women at the start of the 20th century It is only over the last three or four decades that women's role in the history of South Africa has, belatedly, been given some recognition. Previously the history of women's political organization, their struggle for freedom from oppression, for community rights and, importantly, for gender equality, was largely ignored in history texts. Not only did most of these older books lean heavily towards white political development to the detriment of studies of the history and interaction of whites with other racial groups, but they also focused on the achievements of men (often on their military exploits or leadership ability) virtually leaving women out of South African history. The reason for this ‘invisibility' of women, calls for some explanation. South African society (and this applies in varying degrees to all race groups) are conventionally patriarchal. In other words, it was the men who had authority in society; women were seen as subordinate to men. Women's role was primarily a domestic one; it included child rearing and seeing to the well-being, feeding and care of the family. They were not expected to concern themselves with matters outside the home – that was more properly the domain of men. Economic activity beyond the home (in order to help feed and clothe the family) was acceptable, but not considered ‘feminine'. However, with the rise of the industrial economy, the growth of towns and (certainly in the case of indigenous societies) the development of the migrant labour system, these prescriptions on the role of women, as we shall see, came to be overthrown. This is a particularly appropriate time to be studying the role of women in the progress towards the new South African democracy. The year 2006 was a landmark year in which we celebrated the massive Women's March to the Union Buildings in Pretoria 50 years ago. Women throughout the country had put their names 1905 Charlotte Maxeke, formerly a Kimberley schoolteacher, becomes the first South African Black woman to receive a Bachelor's degree. While on a choir trip to the United States (US) Institute of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC) with the help of Bishop Henry Turner, she decides to stay behind and study further, and duly enrolls at the Wilberforce University in Cleveland. She also becomes the first Black female parole officer for juvenile delinquents, and runs an employment agency for Black women. Maxeke becomes involved in many issues affecting Blacks in her time, from campaigning against the pass book laws to supporting trade union movements and exploring the concept of African unity. 1908 January 7, After passing her exams, Cecilia Makiwane is registered as a nurse and becomes the first Black professional nurse in South Africa. She resumes work at the Lovedale Hospital and serves the hospital for many years. 1913 September 23, Women protests led by Charlotte Maxeke take place in the Orange Free State, resisting government attempts to impose passes on women. Passes are burnt in front of the municipal offices. October 21, Transvaal women satyagrahis begin defiance activities by hawking without licenses in Vereeniging. They are not arrested. They cross the Natal border and encourage the miners in Newcastle to strike. Phoenix settlement satyagrahis, including five women who cross the Natal-Transvaal border, are arrested and sent to prison in Pietermaritzburg. Among the protest marchers of the Great March is 16 year old Valliamma Mudaliar, a tall, charming and energetic Tamil girl. November 6, At 6:30am Mohandas Karamchand (MK) Gandhi leads Great March, including 127 women, 57 children and 2037 men from Charlestown. December 22, Valliamma Mudaliar is arrested along with others and sentenced to three months rigorous imprisonment in Pietermaritzbu .History of Women’s Struggle in South Africa
A decade by decade events account of the women’s struggle in South Africa