Biografia de michel montaigne resumida

Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (1772-1846): Mandolinist, Singer, and Presumed Carbonaro

Revista Portuguesa de Musicologia , 2015

Entries on Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (Toscolano, Italy, 1772—Parahiba do Sul, Brazil, late 1845 or ea... more Entries on Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (Toscolano, Italy, 1772—Parahiba do Sul, Brazil, late 1845 or early 1846) in standard music dictionaries and encyclopedias barely scratch the life of a key figure in the history of the mandolin and the six-string guitar. During the first decade of the nineteenth century, Bortolazzi enjoyed relative success in Vienna, Leipzig, Dresden, and London as a mandolin virtuoso, competent guitarist and singer, music educator, composer of instrumental and vocal music, and author of two best-selling methods for the mandolin and the guitar. This remarkable trajectory was interrupted in 1809, when he moved with his family to Brazil. Largely ignored by musicological literature, the second half of his life was highly eventful. He lived in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and in the highlands and coastal areas of the Province of Rio de Janeiro, while his oldest son ventured as far south as Porto Alegre, also working as an actor, singer, and guitarist. Bortolazzi’s biography reveals unforeseen connections between music, theater, politics, and masonry in nineteenth-century Brazil, while showing the professional and artistic paths of an immigrant with no formal education or fortune but remarkable social skills.

Os dicionários de música e enciclopédias que incluem entradas referentes a Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (Toscolano, Itália, 1772—Paraíba do Sul, Brasil, finais de 1845 ou inícios de 1846) apresentam uma biografia muito pouco detalhada de um figura chave na história do bandolim e do violão (guitarra). Durante a primeira década do século XIX, Bortolazzi obteve sucesso em Viena, Leipzig, Dresden e Londres como virtuoso do bandolim, e manteve-se activo também como guitarrista e cantor, professor de música, compositor

Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)

This article is about the classical Greek philosopher. For other uses of Socrates, see Socrates (disambiguation). For the Attic orator, see Isocrates.

Socrates (;Ancient Greek: Σωκράτης, romanized: Sōkrátēs; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. These accounts are written as dialogues, in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of question and answer; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre. Contradictory accounts of Socrates make a reconstruction of his philosophy nearly impossible, a situation known as the Socratic problem. Socrates was a polarizing figure in Athenian society. In 399 BC, he was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth. After a trial that lasted a day, he was sentenced to death. He spent his last day in prison, refusing offers to help him escape.

Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity. They demonstrate the Socratic approach to areas of philosophy including epistemology and ethics. The Platonic Socrates lends his name to the concept of the Socratic method, and also to Socratic irony. The Socratic method of questioning, or elenchus, takes shape in dialogue using short questions and answers, epitomized by those Platonic texts in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine various aspects of an issue or an abstract meaning, usually relating to one of the virtues, and find themselves at an impasse, completely unable to define what they thought they understood. Socrates is known for proclaiming his total ignorance; he used to say that the only thing